The Little-Known Story of Highland Beach: A Historic Black American Community
The Little-Known Story of Highland Beach: A Historic Black American Community
Imagine being denied entry to a restaurant simply because you’re Black. This was the experience of Mr. Charles Douglas, the youngest son of the renowned activist and abolitionist, Mr. Frederick Douglass, and his wife, Missus Anna Douglas. Their encounter with systematic white supremacy would spark a remarkable journey that would shape the course of history. While visiting Bay Ridge, a beach resort in Anne Arundel County, the Douglasses were turned away from a restaurant, igniting a fire within them to challenge racial injustice head-on.
In response to the denial, Mr. Douglas embarked on a journey to educate himself about real estate and land ownership. He saw an opportunity to create a community free from the shackles of segregation and white supremacy. The Douglasses seized the moment and purchased 40 acres of farmland on the scenic Chesapeake Bay. They began by constructing two homes—a residence for themselves and a breathtaking two-story Queen Anne-style home called “Twin Oaks,” intended for Frederick Douglass, Charles’s father. Tragically, Frederick Douglass passed away before he could enjoy the grandeur of Twin Oaks, but his spirit and legacy lived on.
Charles Douglas went on to make influential connections and convinced others to invest in the area. Soon, a substantial population had formed, leading to the establishment of Highland Beach as an official town in 1922. It became the first incorporated Black municipality in Maryland, a testament to the resilience and determination of Black Americans just 28 years after the Civil War.
Founding of Highland Beach
Highland Beach’s origins lie in the experience of Charles Douglas, son of Frederick Douglass, and his wife Anna. After being denied entry to a restaurant in Bay Ridge due to racial discrimination, Charles Douglas sought to create a community free from segregation and white supremacy. He purchased 40 acres of land on the Chesapeake Bay and began constructing homes, including the remarkable Twin Oaks.
A Beacon of Black American Pride
Highland Beach became a symbol of Black American pride and ownership. Its founding was a response to racial injustice and a determination to create a space where Black Americans could flourish and enjoy their vacations. Despite challenges, it stood as a testament to the resilience and triumph of the community.
Notable Figures and Influential Residents
Highland Beach attracted prominent individuals such as Blanche K. Bruce, John Mercer Langston, P.B.S. Pinchback, James Wormley, and Judge Robert Terrell, among others. These influential residents played a crucial role in shaping the community and its historical significance.
Highland Beach: A Thriving Community
Contrary to popular belief, Black Americans in that era were not solely focused on inclusion in establishments owned by others. They were builders and entrepreneurs who constructed their own homes and successful businesses. Highland Beach flourished as a vibrant community where Black Americans enjoyed vacations, performances, and encounters with notable figures.
The Enduring Legacy of Twin Oaks
Twin Oaks, the magnificent home intended for Frederick Douglass, became a central landmark in Highland Beach. Though Frederick Douglass passed away before its completion, Twin Oaks played a vital role in the community, serving as a post office and becoming a symbol of the town’s history and resilience.
The Frederick Douglass Museum and Cultural Center
Twin Oaks underwent restoration and became the Frederick Douglass Museum and Cultural Center. This extraordinary venue offers exhibits on Frederick Douglass’s life, activism, and the history of Highland Beach. Visitors can explore its rich history through guided tours and captivating exhibits.
Highland Beach: The Oldest Major Black Resort Town
Situated in Anne Arundel County, Highland Beach holds the distinction of being the oldest major Black resort town. Its founding in 1893 marked a significant milestone in Black American history, showcasing the determination and vision of Charles and Laura Douglass.
Charles Douglass: A Prominent Figure
Charles Douglass, son of Frederick Douglass, played a prominent role in the establishment and development of Highland Beach. His commitment to land ownership, real estate, and community building helped shape the town’s character and ensured its exclusivity.
Overcoming Restrictive Property Covenants
Highland Beach faced restrictive property covenants designed to prevent the sale of real estate to Black people. Charles Douglass and the community successfully circumvented these barriers, enabling the growth and prosperity of Highland Beach.
Highland Beach's Incorporation as a Municipality
Under the leadership of Haley Douglass, Charles’s son, Highland Beach became the first Black American incorporated municipality in Maryland in 1922. The community effectively controlled its destiny and continued to thrive.
Challenges and Changing Demographics
Over the years, Highland Beach faced challenges such as high taxes, encroaching upscale developments, and a decline in younger Black residents. These factors led to a decline in population, but the enduring spirit of the community remained steadfast.
The Resilient Spirit of Highland Beach
Despite the obstacles, Highland Beach persevered and safeguarded its legacy as a historic Black American community. Its resilience, cultural significance, and ongoing preservation efforts continue to inspire and educate future generations.
Exploring the Historic Black American Community
Visiting Highland Beach offers an opportunity to explore the rich history of this historic Black American community. From its beautiful shoreline along the Chesapeake Bay to the Frederick Douglass Museum and Cultural Center, visitors can immerse themselves in the stories and heritage of the town.
Preserving the Heritage of Highland Beach
The Highland Beach/Venice Beach Historical Project and its dedicated board of directors have been instrumental in preserving the heritage of the community. Through their efforts, the history of Highland Beach is documented, celebrated, and shared with visitors and residents alike.
Engaging with Highland Beach's History
Engaging with the history of Highland Beach can involve participating in guided tours, attending events at the Frederick Douglass Museum and Cultural Center, and supporting local initiatives that promote the community’s heritage. By actively learning and appreciating the history, individuals can contribute to its preservation.
Celebrating Black American Resilience
Highland Beach stands as a testament to the strength, resilience, and triumph of Black Americans in their quest for equality and self-determination. By celebrating the achievements of this historic community, we honor the enduring legacy of Black American resilience.
Embracing the Legacy of Highland Beach
The legacy of Highland Beach is not limited to its past but continues to shape the present and future. By embracing the history and values of the community, we can strive for a more inclusive society and appreciate the contributions of Black Americans throughout history.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
**Q:** How did Highland Beach come to be?
**A:** Highland Beach was founded by Charles Douglas, son of Frederick Douglass, in response to racial discrimination and a desire to create a community free from segregation.
**Q:** What is the significance of Twin Oaks in Highland Beach?
**A:** Twin Oaks, a magnificent home intended for Frederick Douglass, became a central landmark in Highland Beach. It served as a post office and represents the town’s history and resilience.
**Q:** Who were some notable residents of Highland Beach?
**A:** Highland Beach attracted prominent individuals such as Blanche K. Bruce, John Mercer Langston, P.B.S. Pinchback, James Wormley, and Judge Robert Terrell, among others.
**Q:** How can visitors engage with the history of Highland Beach?
**A:** Visitors can explore the Frederick Douglass Museum and Cultural Center, participate in guided tours, and attend events that celebrate the history of Highland Beach.
**Q:** What challenges has Highland Beach faced over the years?
**A:** Highland Beach has faced challenges such as high taxes, encroaching upscale developments, and a decline in younger Black residents. However, the community remains resilient.
Conclusion
Highland Beach stands as a testament to the resilience and triumph of Black Americans in their quest for equality and self-determination. Founded in response to white supremacy & racial injustice, this historic Black American community has overcome challenges and preserved its heritage. Through engagement, appreciation, and celebration, we can honor the enduring legacy of Highland Beach and the individuals who shaped its remarkable history. Join us in exploring this little-known story of a beachside community that has stood the test of time.
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